Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory
1. Jean
Piaget is best known for his work on:
A) Moral
development
B) Psychosexual
development
C) Cognitive
development
D) Social
learning
Answer: C
2. Which
of the following is NOT one of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
A) Sensorimotor
B) Preoperational
C) Concrete
operational
D) Operational
reinforcement
Answer: D
3. During
which stage does a child develop object permanence?
A) Preoperational
B) Sensorimotor
C) Concrete
operational
D) Formal
operational
Answer: B
4. Egocentrism
is a characteristic of which Piagetian stage?
A) Sensorimotor
B) Preoperational
C) Concrete
operational
D) Formal
operational
Answer: B
5. Which
concept involves adjusting old schemas or creating new ones to fit new
information?
A) Assimilation
B) Accommodation
C) Equilibrium
D) Conservation
Answer: B
6. The
ability to perform mental operations is developed in the:
A) Sensorimotor
stage
B) Preoperational
stage
C) Concrete
operational stage
D) Formal
operational stage
Answer: C
7. At
what stage can individuals think abstractly and hypothetically?
A) Preoperational
B) Concrete
operational
C) Formal
operational
D) Sensorimotor
Answer: C
8. Piaget
believed children are:
A) Passive
learners
B) Blank
slates
C) Active
constructors of knowledge
D) Miniature
adults
Answer: C
9. The
concept of conservation is mastered in which stage?
A) Sensorimotor
B) Preoperational
C) Concrete
operational
D) Formal
operational
Answer: C
10. Which
process involves interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas?
A) Accommodation
B) Assimilation
C) Operation
D) ZPD
Answer: B
11. A
child who understands that the amount of liquid remains the same despite being
poured into a different-shaped container has grasped:
A) Classification
B) Seriation
C) Conservation
D) Reversibility
Answer: C
12. According
to Piaget, at what age does the sensorimotor stage typically occur?
A) 0–2
years
B) 2–7
years
C) 7–11
years
D) 11+
years
Answer: A
13. The
formal operational stage starts around the age of:
A) 6
B) 8
C) 11
D) 14
Answer: C
14. Which
term refers to the mental frameworks that help us organize and interpret
information?
A) Zones
B) Schemas
C) Scripts
D) Habits
Answer: B
15. Which
of the following is a key characteristic of the preoperational stage?
A) Logical
thinking
B) Abstract
reasoning
C) Egocentrism
D) Object
permanence
Answer: C
16. Seriation
refers to:
A) Classifying
objects
B) Ordering
objects by size or dimension
C) Conservation
of mass
D) Equilibration
Answer: B
17. What
does the term 'decentration' mean in Piaget's theory?
A) Focusing
on one aspect of a situation
B) Thinking
abstractly
C) Considering
multiple aspects of a situation
D) Reverting
to earlier stages
Answer: C
18. Equilibration
in Piaget's theory refers to:
A) Balancing
assimilation and accommodation
B) Maintaining
homeostasis
C) Reaching
moral balance
D) Development
of conscience
Answer: A
19. Which
of the following tasks would a child in the formal operational stage likely
succeed at?
A) Understanding
conservation of volume
B) Sorting
shapes by color
C) Hypothesizing
about future possibilities
D) Recognizing
faces
Answer: C
20. Piaget’s
theory has been criticized for:
A) Overemphasizing
environment
B) Ignoring
biological development
C) Underestimating
children's abilities
D) Lacking
experimental support
Answer: C
Lawrence Kohlberg’s Moral
Development Theory
21. Kohlberg
extended the moral development work of:
A) Freud
B) Erikson
C) Piaget
D) Vygotsky
Answer: C
22. Kohlberg
identified how many levels of moral development?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
Answer: B
23. The
three levels of Kohlberg’s moral development are:
A) Preconventional,
Conventional, Postconventional
B) Primary,
Secondary, Tertiary
C) Concrete,
Abstract, Logical
D) Basic,
Advanced, Expert
Answer: A
24. Obedience
and punishment orientation is found at which level?
A) Conventional
B) Postconventional
C) Preconventional
D) Universal
Answer: C
25. At
which level does an individual consider societal norms and laws?
A) Preconventional
B) Conventional
C) Postconventional
D) Intuitive
Answer: B
26. Moral
reasoning based on universal ethical principles appears in the:
A) Preconventional
stage
B) Conventional
stage
C) Postconventional
stage
D) None
of the above
Answer: C
27. According
to Kohlberg, moral development is closely related to:
A) Social
skills
B) Cognitive
development
C) Emotional
development
D) Physical
growth
Answer: B
28. Which
of these is a criticism of Kohlberg’s theory?
A) Ignores
justice
B) Too
simple
C) Gender
bias
D) Lacks
stages
Answer: C
29. The
“law and order” orientation belongs to which stage?
A) Stage
1
B) Stage
2
C) Stage
3
D) Stage
4
Answer: D
30. Kohlberg’s
theory emphasizes:
A) What
people do
B) How
people feel
C) Why
people make moral choices
D) Biological
factors
Answer: C
31. Which
stage is based on reciprocity and instrumental exchange?
A) Stage
1
B) Stage
2
C) Stage
3
D) Stage
4
Answer: B
32. Kohlberg’s
theory is most applicable in:
A) Early
childhood
B) Middle
adulthood
C) Adulthood
and adolescence
D) Infancy
Answer: C
33. A
person who acts based on peer approval is likely in which stage?
A) Stage
2
B) Stage
3
C) Stage
4
D) Stage
5
Answer: B
34. Postconventional
level is characterized by:
A) Fear
of punishment
B) Respect
for law
C) Individual
principles of justice
D) Need
for approval
Answer: C
35. Kohlberg's
theory assumes:
A) Moral
behavior always follows reasoning
B) Everyone
reaches postconventional stage
C) Culture
has no role
D) Development
is universal and sequential
Answer: D
Lev Vygotsky’s
Sociocultural Theory
36. Vygotsky
emphasized the role of ______ in cognitive development.
A) Maturation
B) Environment
C) Social
interaction
D) Conditioning
Answer: C
37. Which
concept is central to Vygotsky’s theory?
A) Conservation
B) Object
permanence
C) Zone
of Proximal Development
D) Formal
operations
Answer: C
38. ZPD
refers to the:
A) Stage
of maximum independence
B) Level
of individual comfort
C) Difference
between what a child can do alone and with help
D) Average
learning zone
Answer: C
39. According
to Vygotsky, learning precedes:
A) Development
B) Maturity
C) Emotion
D) Play
Answer: A
40. Scaffolding
is:
A) Reinforcement
strategy
B) Support
provided by a more knowledgeable other
C) Testing
method
D) Cognitive
limitation
Answer: B
41. Which
of the following is not emphasized in Vygotsky’s theory?
A) Social
interaction
B) Language
C) Biological
maturation
D) Culture
Answer: C
42. According
to Vygotsky, which tool is essential for thinking and communication?
A) Reward
B) Language
C) Objects
D) Observation
Answer: B
43. Vygotsky
called adults or peers who help children learn as:
A) Guides
B) Helpers
C) More
knowledgeable others
D) Educators
Answer: C
44. The
idea of ZPD supports which method of teaching?
A) Lecture
B) Memorization
C) Collaborative
learning
D) Independent
study
Answer: C
45. Vygotsky
saw cognitive development as:
A) A
natural process
B) A
social and cultural process
C) Independent
of environment
D) Driven
by reward and punishment
Answer: B
46. Which
of these theorists focused more on culture in learning?
A) Piaget
B) Skinner
C) Vygotsky
D) Freud
Answer: C
47. Private
speech, as per Vygotsky, helps in:
A) Enhancing
memory
B) Self-regulation
and thinking
C) Developing
language
D) Communication
with others
Answer: B
48. Vygotsky
believed that children construct knowledge through:
A) Passive
absorption
B) External
rewards
C) Social
interaction and cultural tools
D) Maturation
Answer: C
49. Which
term did Vygotsky use to explain temporary support in learning?
A) Reinforcement
B) Conditioning
C) Scaffolding
D) Assistance
Answer: C
50. Vygotsky’s
theory emphasizes that development is:
A) Linear
and universal
B) Driven
by innate instincts
C) Socially
constructed
D) Based
on trial and error
Answer: C